Emerald FRAQ™

Applications

Emerald FRAQ™ is a first-generation “green” frac pack and fracturing fluid that is formulated with a low residue guar polymer, crosslinked with borate ions, specifically designed to provide an oil and grease content of <29 mg/l Hexane Extractable Material (HEM). The polymer slurry of Emerald FRAQ and other components are formulated at the point of blending to have <29 mg/l. The polymer is used in concentrations from 25 to 50 lb/1,000 gal (3 to 6 kg/m3) depending on formation temperature, permeability and desired pump time. Lowering the polymer loading along with the low residue polymer minimizes damage to the formation and the proppant bed. Crosslink time can be varied from surface by as much as ten minutes depending on well treatment requirements.

Advantages

• High fluid efficiency allowing fracture geometry to be achieved in high kH intervals
• Emerald FRAQ fluid can be mixed as either a batch mix system or on-the-fly
• Crosslinked fluid yields viscosity of several hundred centipoise at bottom hole treating temperatures
• Predictable performance characteristics with a controlled break time that allows optimization of pump time
• Compatible with normal additive packages
• Relatively high retained reservoir matrix permeability ranging from 80% to 50%, while the proppant pack is 50% or more
• BreakBAQ, Baker Oil Tools' new generation breaker technology helps to minimize gel damage to maximize conductivity
• Emerald FRAQ achieves large pumping fracture widths that allows placement of high proppant concentrations to maximize the closed fracture width, resulting in greater fracture conductivity
• Low pumping friction properties can be achieved by optimizing crosslink time. This will save hydraulic horsepower, reduce wellhead pressures, allow treatments at higher rates while reducing the cost of the treatment and minimize the shear history on the crosslinked fracturing fluid

Additional Information

Emerald FRAQ can be formulated with a combination of soluble and encapsulated breakers. This allows proper gel breaks to be achieved in the proppant bed, gel filter cake, and in the reservoir matrix.

Emerald FRAQ is a first-generation “green” fracturing fluid with the following characteristics:

• Emerald FRAQ is formulated to have <29 mg/l HEM at the point of blending
• Good shear stability to minimize degradation when pumped through the workstring and gravel pack tools
• Emerald FRAQ is a high pH crosslink fluid
• Fluid demonstrates pseudo perfect proppant transport with excellent proppant support in pH ranges above 9.5
• Applicable in reservoir temperatures in excess of 300°F (150°C)
• Emerald FRAQ can be formulated with a combination of soluble and encapsulated breakers. This allows proper gel breaks to be achieved in the proppant bed, gel filter cake, and in the reservoir matrix
• Emerald FRAQ broken gel viscosity is less than 10 centipoise (cp)