GEOSCIENCE: ACOUSTIC ANALYSIS

• PROCESSING AND INTERPRETATION OF ACOUSTIC WAVEFORM DATA (ACOUSTIC ANALYSIS)
  Processing of acoustic waveform data offers complete suite of products that provide most accurate determination of Compressional, Shear or Stoneley wave velocity measurements. Both open hole and through casing analysis are possible. Recently developed high-resolution slowness processing utilizes overlapping sub-arrays method to yield vertical resolution down to 6 inch. Significantly improved vertical resolution of slowness measurement is very important for identifying and evaluation of thin beds. In addition we provide acoustic waveform energy analysis to compute the amplitude and then the attenuation of Compressional, Shear or Stoneley wave types to help identify fractured formation intervals and as a qualitative indicator of formation permeability. Finally, we offer standard measurements of existing acoustic tools utilizing traditional interactive first break analysis.

GEOSCIENCE: BOREHOLE IMAGE ANALYSIS

• PROCESSING AND INTERPRETATION OF BOREHOLE IMAGE DATA (BOREHOLE IMAGE ANALYSIS)
  Whether you are dealing with clastics or carbonates, highly complex structural settings, natural fractured reservoirs or detailed sedimentological interpretation and / or core integration is required, this service offers complete suite of products that provide most accurate processing & interpretation of borehole image data. Regardless of the borehole imaging tool type (i.e. resistivity or acoustic) basic borehole image data processing & interpretation provide full suite of products that include raw data QC, tool orientation and line speed correction (accelerometer correction) and enhancements of image data for input to workstation based geological analysis. Different filters are applied to enhance image quality and accuracy prior to interpretation. Manual (interactive) dip computation provides for most accurate geological feature identification and picking of structural features such as bedding, fractures, drilling induced fractures, borehole breakouts, sedimentary bedding, etc. Furthermore, 3-D borehole profile and cross-section may be generated using two-way travel time from pre-processed acoustic image data or using 6-arm oriented calipers from a resistivity borehole imaging tool. Finally, we offer synthetic DIPLOG curves generation from resistivity image to calculate formation dips and calibration of resistivity images or traces with a shallow focused resistivity curve (M1RA or RFOC) to generate a high-resolution resistivity curve (Rxo) that can be used for thin-bed formation evaluation.

GEOSCIENCE: BOREHOLE SEISMIC PROCESSING

• Pre-Survey Modeling (PRE-SURVEY MODELING)
  Design of VSP surveys using a 2D or 3D ray-trace modelling. Data required include digital earth model in depth or time, interval velocities, prognosed well trajectory and prognosed casing plan.
• Correlation Displays (CORRELATION DISPLAYS)
  Displays of Log, VSP, Synthetic and surface seismic data in depth or time. Correlation display in both time and depth of log, VSP, synthetic and seismic data.
• Velocity Survey Analysis (VELOCITY SURVEY ANALYSIS)
  Pick travel times, true vertical corrections of times & depths and compute two-way travel times average, rms & interval velocities.
• Synthetic Seismogram (SYNTHETIC SEISMOGRAM)
  Generation of reflectivity series from acoustic and (optionally) density log data. Convolution with one filter wavelet.
• Zero Offset (Rig Source) VSP (ZERO OFFSET (RIG SOURCE) VSP)
  Zero Offset VSP (Rig Source) to Corridor Stack is used with vertical wells in the presence of little dip where as Zero Offset VSP (Rig Source) to VSP-CDP Transform or Migration is used in the presence dipping formation in a vertical well. Vertical Incidence (Walkabove) survey is where source is moved to be vertically above the receivers at each location in a deviated well. Standard processing may include:
  • Spherical divergence compensation
  • Separation of up- and down-going p- wavefields
  • Deterministic deconvolution
  • Determination of optimum frequency bandwidth
  • VSP-CDP Transform or migration of data to its correct position in space as predicted by ray-tracing through a planar model derived iteratively from velocity survey data
  • Enhancement
  • Interactively selected front corridor mute & stack
• Offset Source VSP (OFFSET SOURCE VSP)
  

  Offset Source VSP is used where source is statically positioned a significant distance from the receivers. Can be rig source survey in a deviated well, offset source survey in a deviated or vertical well.
  Standard vertical component processing may include Spherical divergence compensation

  • Separation of up- and down-going p- wavefields
  • Deterministic deconvolution
  • Determination of optimum frequency bandwidth
  • VSP-CDP Transform or migration of data to its correct position in space as predicted by ray-tracing through a planar model derived iteratively from velocity survey data
• Walkaway VSP (WALKAWAY VSP)
  

  Walkaway VSP to VSP-CDP Transform or migration is used where source shoots along a long line over the well with receivers located over a confined depth range.
  Standard vertical component processing may include:

  • Spherical divergence compensation
  • Separation of up- and down-going p- wavefields
  • Deterministic deconvolution
  • Determination of optimum frequency bandwidth
  • VSP-CDP Transform or migration of data to its correct position in space as predicted by ray-tracing through a planar model derived iteratively from velocity survey data
• Special Data Analysis (SPECIAL DATA ANALYSIS)
  VSP-CDP Transform or Kirchhoff migration of data to its correct position in space as predicted by ray-tracing through a planar or complex structural model derived iteratively from velocity survey data. Used where an additional transform is required or data is imaged onto a second plane. VSP-CDP Transform of shear data to its correct position in space as predicted by ray-tracing through a planar model allowing p-s mode-converted reflections and/or s-s reflections

GEOSCIENCE: CH ANALYSIS

• OXYGEN ACTIVATION LOGGING (CO LOGGING)
  Analysis of oxygen activation water flow data requiring a single background correction ( Hydrolog) is done. Alternatively a background correction for multiple or variable flow streams (Annular Flow Log) can be done for annular flow analysis. The measurements includes stationary and continuous passes. Casing, tubing or channel flow ? injection or production
• CMI (CMI)
  Formations sometimes compress as a result of decreased pore pressure from hydrocarbon extraction. The product is designed to monitor the formation compaction over time. The process involves placing radioactive markers into the formation or onto casing at 10-meter intervals and periodically measuring precise distance between markers. Compaction data are useful for evaluating the compressibility of subsurface formations and provide information regarding the effectiveness of efforts to control formation compaction and associated surface subsidence.
• POLARIS ANALYSIS (POLARIS_ANALYSIS)
  The production log services improves our understanding of wellbore fluid flow in a wide range of complex reservoir conditions in a dynamic production environment. The multisensor, multi function system, such as POLARIS, provides a comprehensive range of acquisition modes in a single logging string. The analysis of the acquired data removes ambiguity and provides a clear understanding of the reservoir performance.
• Oxygen Activation Analysis (OXYGEN ACTIVATION)
  Analysis of oxygen activation water flow data requiring a single background correction ( Hydrolog) is done. Alternatively a background correction for multiple or variable flow streams (Annular Flow Log) can be done for annular flow analysis. The measurements includes stationary and continuous passes. Casing, tubing or channel flow  injection or production
• Casedhole Volumetric Analysis (FLOW PROFILE)
  A single-phase (oil, water, or gas), or a two-phase ( oil/water, oil/gas, water/gas) or a three-phase (oil / water / gas) production flow or injection flow profile is generated using basic production logging data and fluid parameters. Production logging data includes spinner, logging speed, temperature, pressure, and caliper (or casing internal diameter). Interpretation is based on weighted-least-squares optimization of production logging data, including flowing and geothermal temperature (customer-supplied geothermal or long shut-in temperature required). Results compared with customer-supplied surface production data.
• PRODUCTION ACOUSTIC LOGGING (PLT-ACOUSTIC)
  Channel, annular flow, tubing leak or gas leak identification can also be made using acoustic log based on the frequency content of the acoustic spectra.
• PRISM SERVICES (PRISM)
  The effectiveness of well treatments such as hydraulic stimulation, selective cementing or gravel packing can be evaluated using PRISM services by tagging various stages of a well treatment with multiple radio active tracers. Up to four different radioactive isotopes can be identified with a single post-treatment logging pass. The Gamma ray signal from the each individual radioactive tracer element is separated and measured. Contributions from the borehole and formation are separated using a peak to Compton down scatter ratio.
• PIPE EVALUATION (PIPE EVAL)
  The internal casing wear can be detected by analyzing a multi-finger caliper data where the tool measures minimum and maximum measured internal diameter of the pipe. However to determine corrosion of casing, much advanced tools and interpretation is used such as:
  Pipe Evaluation Using Flux Leakage and Eddy Current Data (Vertilog): The logging tools include: MicroVertilog, Digital Vertilog, Vertilog & Multichannel Vertilog and Vertiline.
  Pipe Evaluation Using EM induction data which includes: Digital Magnelog, Magnelog and Magneline
  Pipe evaluation Using Casing Potential Profile data (CPP)
• CEMENT EVALUATION (CEMENT EVAL)
  The analysis of the amplitude curve of the acoustic signal obtained through cement bond log data determines effectiveness of cement bond in casing formation annulus. The amplitude curve of the reflected acoustic wave is maximum in unsupported casing and is minimum in sections where cement is well bonded with the casing and formation.
  The analysis of Segmented Bond Log data quantitatively estimates the cement bond integrity in six angular segments around the casing.
• PULSED NEUTRON HOLDUP IMAGER (PNHI)
  Pulsed Neutron Hold-up Imager (PNHI) analyses pulsed neutron data to determine either a two-phase solution or a three-phase solution for hold-ups.

GEOSCIENCE: DIPLOG PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS

• Structural Interpretation from Diplog Data (STRUCTURAL DIPLOG)
  Structural analysis of computed dips for tabulation of structural dip for each major structural unit, identification of key faults and recognition of unconformity surfaces. Button traces will be presented as pseudo-resistivity images along with 3D borehole profile. Present day in-situ stress analysis will be performed through borehole breakout analysis.

GEOSCIENCE: FE INTERPRETATION

• Formation Evaluation Interpretation (FORMATION EVALUATION INTERPRETATION)
  Whether you are dealing with simple or complex petrophysical analysis this service offers complete suite of products that provide most accurate formation evaluation. The products use easily understood deterministic models to calculate porosity, water saturation, shale volumes, clay type and its distribution, volume of carbon, ash and moisture in coal beds and other important reservoir properties.

GEOSCIENCE: GEOMECHANICS

• Geomechanic Services (GEOMECHANICS)
  Geomechanics deals with deformations and failures of rocks under downhole stresses. Whether you are drilling and/or completing a well, this service offers complete suite of geomechanical products that provide accurate solutions for optimizing drilling and completion programs. The products use highly complex deterministic models to estimate formation mechanical properties, in-situ stresses and pore pressure. These parameters are the pre-requisites for any geomechanical study. A unique advantage of this service is that the characterizations of formation mechanical properties and in-situ stresses utilize mostly log and petrophysical data which are prevalent. The integration of geo-mechanical earth models with operational data from drilling, completion, stimulation and production provide the most comprehensive and realistic geomechanical solutions for wellbore construction and reservoir exploitations.

GEOSCIENCE: GEOSTATISTICS

• Category Estimation Using an N-Dimensional Probabilistic Database (GEOSTATISTICAL)
  Multivariate histogram technique is used to make statistical estimation of CLASSES probabilities. Classes probabilities are commonly used for facies estimation. The product is a strong geological tool to estimate classes based on information acquired in cored interval.

GEOSCIENCE: NMR ANALYSIS

• Processing and Interpretation of NMR Data (NMR ANALYSIS)
  Processing of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) data service offers complete suite of products that include T2 domain re-processing, echo-train data processing and echo-train data borehole correction. Those products are intended to diagnose and enhance acquired data quality that is anomalous due to borehole environment (e.g. borehole fluid signal contamination) or tool noise.
  

  When core NMR data are available the NMR core echo data re-processing can be performed. Furthermore, the spectral BVI coefficients (Sweight) can be estimated from the T2 distributions of 100% water saturated and centrifuge-desaturated core NMR measurements. This product delivers a set of Sweight values. To derive core NMR-based T2 cut-off values applicable to NMR log data it is necessary to account for the effects of signal-to-noise level and the regularization strength and the echo time and number of echoes. This is particularly important for NMR log data acquired in low-porosity and high-noise environment reservoirs.

GEOSCIENCE: RESISTIVITY PROCESSING

• RESISTIVITY PROCESSING (RESISTIVITY PROCESSING)
  Processing and interpretation of resistivity data service offers complete suite of products that provide most accurate determination of formation resistivity. We offer 1D and 2D inversion processing to obtain a reliable resistivity profile as well as horizontal well near/ far zone interpretation. An enhanced resolution processing that includes adaptive borehole correction and accelerometer (cable speed) correction is also available. Finally, the Inhomogeneous Background Focusing ? IBF processing (HDIL only) provides correction for apparent formation dip relative to the borehole (up to 80 degrees) and improves the vertical resolution matching curves (VRM?s) for high resistivity contrast.